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Educación Inclusiva y Discapacidad. Perspectiva de Derechos Humanos en Argentina
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Autores
Rubiolo, Stella Maris
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Universidad Siglo 21
Resumen
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar el acceso a la educación de las personas con discapacidad en Argentina —desde un enfoque jurídico— abordando el marco normativo nacional e internacional. En la introducción, se expone la problemática del acceso desigual a la educación inclusiva. Se examina la evolución conceptual de la discapacidad a través de los tres principales paradigmas —el modelo rehabilitador, el modelo médico y el modelo social—, destacando el tránsito hacia este último basado en derechos humanos. En consecuencia, se estudian las principales normas aplicables, entre ellas la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, así como la legislación argentina en materia de educación inclusiva.
La metodología empleada es de tipo cualitativo, basada en el análisis documental de normativa vigente, fallos jurisprudenciales relevantes y aportes doctrinarios especializados. En los resultados se identifican tensiones entre el marco legal y su implementación real, atento a las barreras que persisten en la aplicación de políticas inclusivas; aunque también se notan avances jurisprudenciales que consolidan el enfoque de derechos. La discusión evidencia distintas posturas doctrinarias y los desafíos existentes para garantizar la accesibilidad e igualdad real de oportunidades en el ámbito educativo. Se concluye que, pese a los avances normativos, subsisten barreras estructurales, curriculares, actitudinales y organizacionales que requieren una interpretación jurídica conforme los principios de accesibilidad, equidad e inclusión que garantice el derecho a la educación a las personas con discapacidad.
This research analyzes access to education for people with disabilities in Argentina, from a legal perspective, focusing on both national and international regulatory frameworks. The introduction outlines the problem of unequal access to inclusive education. The study traces the conceptual evolution of disability analysis through three primary paradigms—the rehabilitation model, the medical model, and the social model—emphasizing the shift towards the latter based on human rights considerations. Consequently, the main applicable standards are studied, including the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, as well as Argentine legislation on inclusive education. The methodology employed is qualitative, based on documentary analysis of current regulations, relevant jurisprudential rulings, and specialized academic contributions. The results identify tensions between the legal framework and its actual implementation of the right to education without discrimination. These tensions underscore ongoing barriers to the effective implementation of inclusive education policies; although progressive jurisprudence has also been identified reinforcing a rights-based approach. The discussion examines different doctrinal perspectives and the challenges to guarantee accessibility and genuine equality of opportunities in education. The study concludes that, despite significant regulatory advances, structural, curricular, attitudinal, and organizational barriers persist. Overcoming these obstacles requires legal commitment to the principles of accessibility, equity, and inclusion in order to fully guarantee the right to education for persons with disabilities.
This research analyzes access to education for people with disabilities in Argentina, from a legal perspective, focusing on both national and international regulatory frameworks. The introduction outlines the problem of unequal access to inclusive education. The study traces the conceptual evolution of disability analysis through three primary paradigms—the rehabilitation model, the medical model, and the social model—emphasizing the shift towards the latter based on human rights considerations. Consequently, the main applicable standards are studied, including the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, as well as Argentine legislation on inclusive education. The methodology employed is qualitative, based on documentary analysis of current regulations, relevant jurisprudential rulings, and specialized academic contributions. The results identify tensions between the legal framework and its actual implementation of the right to education without discrimination. These tensions underscore ongoing barriers to the effective implementation of inclusive education policies; although progressive jurisprudence has also been identified reinforcing a rights-based approach. The discussion examines different doctrinal perspectives and the challenges to guarantee accessibility and genuine equality of opportunities in education. The study concludes that, despite significant regulatory advances, structural, curricular, attitudinal, and organizational barriers persist. Overcoming these obstacles requires legal commitment to the principles of accessibility, equity, and inclusion in order to fully guarantee the right to education for persons with disabilities.
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Palabras clave
Discapacidad, Educación inclusiva, Educación Especial, Derechos humanos, Disability, Inclusive Education, Special Education, Human Rights