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Derecho de acceso a la cultura en Argentina. Influencia del soft law internacional.
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Fernández, Martín
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Este trabajo investigó el rol de las normas soft law internacionales en la fundamentación y configuración de un derecho pleno de acceso a los bienes culturales y al patrimonio cultural aplicable al sistema jurídico argentino. Adoptando un enfoque cualitativo, la investigación se realizó mediante un análisis jurídico‑dogmático de normativa nacional, subnacional, normas vinculantes y no vinculantes internacionales relacionadas al derecho de acceso a la cultura, así como se analizó doctrina actualizada y jurisprudencia argentina relacionada.
Se adoptó un diseño de estudio de tipo exploratorio‑descriptivo, con la finalidad de explorar el derecho de acceso a la cultura y descifrar sus principios básicos aplicables. Se encontró una serie de principios enumerados en un ordenamiento jurídico compuesto de normas soft law internacionales (provenientes de la UNESCO y el ámbito de la ONU) que delimitan la existencia del “derecho de acceso a la cultura” como componente del “derecho a participar en la vida cultural de la comunidad”, consagrado constitucionalmente en Argentina, y se identificaron las normas argentinas que receptan explícita e implícitamente dichos principios.
Con ello, se concluyó que el ordenamiento argentino recepta de manera dispersa el derecho de acceso a la cultura, garantía eficaz para lograr la plenitud del ejercicio de los derechos culturales universales. Se verificó que el corpus del soft law internacional ofrece herramientas de interpretación valiosas para fortalecer el derecho de acceso a la cultura y reforzar una concepción de defensa colectiva y comunitaria del patrimonio cultural en el ordenamiento argentino.
This study investigated the role of international soft law norms in substantiating and shaping a comprehensive right of access to cultural goods and cultural heritage applicable to the Argentine legal system. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research was conducted through a legal-dogmatic analysis of national and sub-national regulations, as well as binding and non-binding international norms related to the right of access to culture. Updated doctrine and relevant Argentine jurisprudence were also analyzed. An exploratory-descriptive study design was adopted to explore the right of access to culture and decipher its applicable basic principles. A series of principles were found enumerated within a legal framework composed of international soft law norms (from UNESCO and the UN sphere) that delineate the existence of the "right of access to culture" as a component of the "right to participate in the cultural life of the community," constitutionally enshrined in Argentina. The Argentine norms that explicitly and implicitly incorporate these principles were identified. Consequently, it was concluded that the Argentine legal system incorporates the right of access to culture in a dispersed manner, despite it being an effective guarantee for achieving the full exercise of universal cultural rights. It was verified that the corpus of international soft law offers valuable interpretative tools to strengthen the right of access to culture and reinforce a conception of collective and community defense of cultural heritage within the Argentine legal system.
This study investigated the role of international soft law norms in substantiating and shaping a comprehensive right of access to cultural goods and cultural heritage applicable to the Argentine legal system. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research was conducted through a legal-dogmatic analysis of national and sub-national regulations, as well as binding and non-binding international norms related to the right of access to culture. Updated doctrine and relevant Argentine jurisprudence were also analyzed. An exploratory-descriptive study design was adopted to explore the right of access to culture and decipher its applicable basic principles. A series of principles were found enumerated within a legal framework composed of international soft law norms (from UNESCO and the UN sphere) that delineate the existence of the "right of access to culture" as a component of the "right to participate in the cultural life of the community," constitutionally enshrined in Argentina. The Argentine norms that explicitly and implicitly incorporate these principles were identified. Consequently, it was concluded that the Argentine legal system incorporates the right of access to culture in a dispersed manner, despite it being an effective guarantee for achieving the full exercise of universal cultural rights. It was verified that the corpus of international soft law offers valuable interpretative tools to strengthen the right of access to culture and reinforce a conception of collective and community defense of cultural heritage within the Argentine legal system.
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Acceso a la cultura, patrimonio cultural, derechos culturales, derecho internacional, derechos colectivos, culture access, cultural heritage, cultural rights, international law, collective rights