El papel de las actitudes subjetivas en la teoría de la responsabilidad penal de C. S. Nino: ¿un enfoque auténticamente objetivo?
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Autores
Parmigiani, Matías
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Universidad Siglo 21
Resumen
La teoría de la responsabilidad penal de C. S. Nino se caracteriza por ser una teoría liberal o antiperfeccionista. Esto significa, en lo fundamental, que no hay lugar en ella para sanciones que tengan como propósito evitar la autodegradación del individuo o contribuir a su propio perfeccionamiento moral. El Estado solo tiene permitido apelar a su aparato coactivo con fines protectorios, por lo que ni siquiera el reproche que la pena típicamente comporta sería admisible para esta teoría. Más aún, puesto que el reproche usualmente supone pronunciarse sobre los atributos de una mente culpable, como los deseos y creencias de un individuo, tampoco este requisito tan característico de la dogmática penal encontraría allí asidero, dadas las implicancias presuntamente perfeccionistas que encerraría. Como su título lo indica, el objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar críticamente el papel que las actitudes subjetivas desempeñan en esta teoría. Aunque en última instancia ese papel será calificado como ambivalente y confuso, la hipótesis fundamental aquí defendida es que, contrariamente a lo que Nino supone, una adecuada comprensión del liberalismo no ofrece motivo alguno para temer que las actitudes subjetivas no puedan hallar después de todo un lugar importante en una concepción liberal de la responsabilidad penal.
C. S. Nino’s theory of criminal responsibility is known for being a liberal or anti-perfectionist theory. This means, first and foremost, that it stands against any attempt to link punishment with goals such as avoiding the self-degradation of individuals or contributing to their own moral improvement. The state’s coercive machinery is purported to fulfil an exclusive protective function, to the extent that not even blame is conceived any longer as part of the picture. Moreover, since blame usually involves assessing the features of an agent’s guilty mind, such as her desires and beliefs, Nino’s theory does also reject one of the most distinctive contributions of Criminal Law’s dogmatic, on account of the perfectionist implications it would give rise to. As announced by its title, the objective of the present paper is to critically analyze the role that subjective attitudes play in Nino’s theory. Although that role will be ultimately described as ambivalent and unclear, the main hypothesis defended here is that, in spite of Nino’s assumptions, an adequate understanding of liberalism does not offer any reason to believe that subjective attitudes may not find after all a significant place within a liberal conception of criminal responsibility.
C. S. Nino’s theory of criminal responsibility is known for being a liberal or anti-perfectionist theory. This means, first and foremost, that it stands against any attempt to link punishment with goals such as avoiding the self-degradation of individuals or contributing to their own moral improvement. The state’s coercive machinery is purported to fulfil an exclusive protective function, to the extent that not even blame is conceived any longer as part of the picture. Moreover, since blame usually involves assessing the features of an agent’s guilty mind, such as her desires and beliefs, Nino’s theory does also reject one of the most distinctive contributions of Criminal Law’s dogmatic, on account of the perfectionist implications it would give rise to. As announced by its title, the objective of the present paper is to critically analyze the role that subjective attitudes play in Nino’s theory. Although that role will be ultimately described as ambivalent and unclear, the main hypothesis defended here is that, in spite of Nino’s assumptions, an adequate understanding of liberalism does not offer any reason to believe that subjective attitudes may not find after all a significant place within a liberal conception of criminal responsibility.
Descripción
Lecciones y Ensayos, Nro. 108, 2022
ISSN: 0024-0079
Palabras clave
liberalismo — perfeccionismo — consentimiento — enantiotelidad — reproche — culpabilidad — williams — scanlon, liberalism — perfectionism — consent — enantiotelity — blame — guilt — williams — scanlon