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Impacto del ejercicio terapéutico en la prevención de lesiones ocupacionales en odontólogos
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Silva, Micaela Agustina
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Universidad Siglo 21
Resumen
Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) representan una de las principales causas de morbilidad laboral en odontología, afectando tanto a profesionales en ejercicio como a estudiantes en formación clínica. La exposición prolongada a posturas forzadas, movimientos repetitivos y condiciones ergonómicas desfavorables convierte a esta población en un grupo de alto riesgo. En este contexto, el ejercicio terapéutico ha emergido como una estrategia eficaz y accesible para prevenir la aparición y progresión de estas afecciones. Este trabajo final de grado tiene como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica existente sobre la efectividad del ejercicio terapéutico en la prevención de TME en odontólogos, integrando aportes desde la fisioterapia, la ergonomía y la neurofisiología.
Mediante una revisión integradora de literatura científica (PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect), se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2025 que documentan intervenciones fisiokinésicas orientadas a reducir el dolor postural, mejorar la estabilidad funcional y aumentar la conciencia corporal. Los estudios incluidos evidencian beneficios consistentes en programas basados en movilidad articular, fortalecimiento isométrico y estabilización postural, con frecuencias de una a tres sesiones semanales durante ciclos de 8 a 12 semanas.
Se identificó una secuencia lógica en la intervención: movilidad, activación estabilizadora, consolidación postural y recuperación neuromuscular. Asimismo, se destacó la necesidad de adaptar las rutinas al perfil profesional y de integrarlas en ámbitos académicos y laborales de manera sostenible.
En conclusión, el ejercicio terapéutico es una herramienta clave en la promoción de la salud ocupacional odontológica, contribuyendo a reducir síntomas musculoesqueléticos y a mejorar la calidad de vida y el desempeño profesional sostenido.
ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the main causes of occupational morbidity in dentistry, affecting both practicing professionals and students in clinical training. Prolonged exposure to forced postures, repetitive movements, and unfavorable ergonomic conditions places this population at high risk. In this context, therapeutic exercise has emerged as an effective and accessible strategy to prevent the onset and progression of these conditions. This final degree project aims to analyze the existing scientific evidence on the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise in the prevention of MSDs in dentists, integrating insights from physiotherapy, ergonomics, and neurophysiology. Through an integrative review of scientific literature from databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect, articles published between 2014 and 2025 were selected, documenting physiotherapeutic interventions aimed at reducing postural pain, improving functional stability, and increasing body awareness. The included studies consistently report benefits from programs focused on joint mobility, isometric strengthening, and postural stabilization, typically applied in one to three sessions per week over cycles of 8 to 12 weeks. A logical progression in interventions was identified: mobility, stabilizer activation, postural consolidation, and neuromuscular recovery. The need to adapt routines to the professional profile and to integrate them sustainably into academic and workplace settings was also emphasized. In conclusion, therapeutic exercise stands out as a key tool in promoting occupational health in dentistry, contributing not only to the reduction of musculoskeletal symptoms but also to improved quality of life and sustained professional performance.
ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the main causes of occupational morbidity in dentistry, affecting both practicing professionals and students in clinical training. Prolonged exposure to forced postures, repetitive movements, and unfavorable ergonomic conditions places this population at high risk. In this context, therapeutic exercise has emerged as an effective and accessible strategy to prevent the onset and progression of these conditions. This final degree project aims to analyze the existing scientific evidence on the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise in the prevention of MSDs in dentists, integrating insights from physiotherapy, ergonomics, and neurophysiology. Through an integrative review of scientific literature from databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect, articles published between 2014 and 2025 were selected, documenting physiotherapeutic interventions aimed at reducing postural pain, improving functional stability, and increasing body awareness. The included studies consistently report benefits from programs focused on joint mobility, isometric strengthening, and postural stabilization, typically applied in one to three sessions per week over cycles of 8 to 12 weeks. A logical progression in interventions was identified: mobility, stabilizer activation, postural consolidation, and neuromuscular recovery. The need to adapt routines to the professional profile and to integrate them sustainably into academic and workplace settings was also emphasized. In conclusion, therapeutic exercise stands out as a key tool in promoting occupational health in dentistry, contributing not only to the reduction of musculoskeletal symptoms but also to improved quality of life and sustained professional performance.
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Ejercicio terapéutico, Fisioterapia preventiva, Odontología,, Trastornos musculoesqueléticos