Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://repositorio.21.edu.ar/handle/ues21/30754

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 6 de 6

Work-Related Mental Health Issues in Graduate Student Population
(Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2021-04-01) Gallea, José Ignacio; Medrano, Leonardo Adrián; Morera, Luis Pedro
The scientific and educational community is becoming increasingly aware of the impact of current academic working conditions on graduate students’ mental health and how this is affecting scientific progress and ultimately society as a whole. Our study aimed to shed light on the work-related mental health issues affecting graduate students, providing a comprehensive research work including psychological and biological assessment. Our findings showed that a sizeable number of graduate student present anxiety, depression, or high burnout and that the time spent in academia plays an important role. The graduate student population displayed a specific work-related mental health issues profile with an altered hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and low levels of work engagement. Finally, graduate students were equally stressed, with less work engagement, and more anxious and depressed than general workers
Why do interventions framed within the phonological hypothesis of dyslexia work? A treatment-focused analysis
(Health Leadership and Quality of Life., 2025-09-25) Revillo, Damián
Introduction: in the last decades, the Phonological Hypothesis of dyslexia has gained popularity into the field of psychology. This hypothesis holds that difficulties in learning to read are due to a neurocognitive disorder and, in consequence, suggests that the possibilities of learning and/or improving reading skills in these cases, depend on psychological treatments that correct or compensate for such deficiencies. The effectiveness of these interventions is often undestood as confirmatory evidence of the neurological causes of reading problems. However, the effectiveness of these interventions could be understood attending to their own properties, without the need to postulate specific effects (corrective or compensatory) at a neurological level. Objective: the aim of the present study is to characterize the interventions framed in the Phonological Hypothesis of dyslexia and to analyze the factors that influence their effectiveness. Method: in order to achieve this objective, a content analysis was performed on a set of systematic reviews that analyzed the effectiveness of this kind of interventions. Results: the factors that influence the effectiveness of these interventions were identified and classified in three categories: 1) the dependent variable analyzed, 2) procedural aspects of their implementation and 3) the methodological rigor of the research. Conclusions: the specificity of the interventions framed in the Phonological Hypothesis of dyslexia is discussed and an alternative interpretation is proposed to understand their effectiveness. or unstructured, no longer than 250 words; written in the past tense and in the third person singular. Keywords: Learning Disability; Teaching Reading; Dyslexia; Intervention; Content Analysis. RESUMEN Introducción: en las últimas décadas, la Hipótesis Fonológica de la dislexia ha ganado popularidad en el ámbito de la Psicología. Esta hipótesis sostiene que las dificultades de aprendizaje de la lectura se deben a la existencia de un trastorno neurocognitivo y que las posibilidades de aprender y/o mejorar la habilidad lectora en estos casos, dependen de tratamientos psicológicos que corrijan o compensen tales deficiencias. La efectividad de estas intervenciones, suele esgrimirse como evidencia confirmatoria de las causas neurológicas de los problemas de lectura. Sin embargo, la efectividad de las intervenciones podría comprenderse atendiendo a sus propias características, sin la necesidad de postular efectos específicos (correctores o compensadores) a nivel neurológico. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio es caracterizar las intervenciones enmarcadas en la Hipótesis Fonológica de la dislexia y analizar los factores que influyen en su efectividad, con la finalidad de ofrecerun marco para comprender la efectividad de estas intervenciones sin proponer la existencia de un trastorno neurológico. Método: para alcanzar este objetivo, se realizó un análisis de contenido sobre un conjunto de revisiones sistemáticas que analizaron la efectividad de este tipo de intervenciones. Resultados: se identificaron tres clases de factores que inciden en la efectividad de estas intervenciones: 1) la variable dependiente analizada, 2) aspectos procedimentales de su implementación y 3) la rigurosidad metodológica de la investigación. Conclusiones: se discute la especificidad de las intervenciones enmarcadas en la Hipótesis Fonológica de la dislexia y se propone una interpretación alternativa para comprender su efectividad.
Influencia del ejercicio físico en la prevención del deterioro cognitivo en las personas mayores: revisión sistemática
(Revista Neurología, 2026-04-24) Franco-Martín, Manuel; Parra-Vidales, Esther; González-Palau, Fátima; Bernate-Navarro, Mara; Solis, Abdel
Introducción. La población española mayor de 65 años continúa creciendo, por lo que la atención a adultos mayores se convierte en un objetivo de salud pública cada vez más relevante. La actividad física está siendo reconocida como un factor altamente protector de las funciones cognitivas en el envejecimiento, y se establece, en la actualidad, como una estrategia psicosocial prometedora para la protección de las facultades cognitivas. Pacientes y métodos. Mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO, Psicodoc, Scopus y SciELO, se revisaron sistemáticamente los estudios relativos a la influencia del ejercicio físico en la prevención del deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores sanos y en la reversión o en el mantenimiento del declive cognitivo una vez ya iniciado. Se seleccionaron y utilizaron 31 artículos como unidades de análisis. Resultados. En conjunto, estos estudios indicaron que un mayor índice de actividad física se relacionaría con un menor deterioro de las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores sanos y con deterioro cognitivo ya manifiesto. Conclusiones. El ejercicio físico constituye una estrategia psicosocial prometedora para la intervención de adultos mayores con y sin signos de deterioro cognitivo. Serían convenientes mayores estudios que empleen una metodología experimental, mayor homogeneidad en cuanto a los instrumentos de recogida de datos de funciones cognitivas y una profundización en la frecuencia e intensidad necesaria en las intervenciones.
Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic pain in patients with comorbidities
(Universidad Siglo 21, 2025-05-22) Moretti, Luciana Sofía; Medrano Adrián Leonardo; Garcia-Batista Zoilo Emilio; Morera Luis Pedro
Introduction: although it is well-known that cognitive-behavioral therapy is efficacious for the treatment of chronic pain patients, studies that have evaluated its efficacy lose external validity because the scenario used in these investigations are highly different from natural settings. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for patients with chronic pain in a natural ambulatory setting. Method: a cuasi experimental design with no control group was implemented, in which a 14-session treatment program was used with 6 patients with chronic pain. Results: after the treatment participants showed statistically significant reductions on the worst pain experienced and on pain average. Moreover, patients exhibited increments on health-related quality of life related to role limitations due to emotional problems, emotional wellbeing, loss of energy and fatigue and social functioning. Effect size measures revealed to be from moderate to big (d between 0,44 and 0,81). Conclusion: these results suggest that the treatment program administered showed to be effective to diminish perceived pain and to improve health quality of life among chronic pain patients. Keywords: Effectiveness; Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy; Effectiveness; Chronic Pain. RESUMEN Introducción: la terapia cognitivo-conductual ha demostrado ser eficaz para el tratamiento del dolor crónico, sin embargo, los estudios de eficacia se centran fundamentalmente en garantizar la validez interna del estudio perdiendo validez ecológica. En efecto, el control de variables intervinientes (como, por ejemplo, el control de la comorbilidad) lleva a que el tratamiento se asemeje poco al modo en que se administran en la labor clínica habitual. Por este motivo se requiere de estudios que analicen la efectividad de protocolos que ya han demostrado ser eficaces. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de un tratamiento cognitivo-conductual en pacientes con dolor crónico(DC). Método: se empleó un diseño cuasi experimental pre pos sin grupo control con 6 pacientes con DC que recibieron un tratamiento de 14 sesiones. Resultados: se observaron reducciones estadísticamente significativas del peor dolor percibido y del promedio de dolor. Asimismo, se obtuvieron aumentos estadísticamente significativos en la calidad de vida relacionada a las limitaciones del rol ocasionados por problemas emocionales, a la percepción de falta de energía y fatiga, al bienestar emocional y al funcionamiento social. Las medidas del tamaño del efecto resultaron ser moderadas a elevadas (d entre 0,44 y 0,81). Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que el tratamiento administrado ha demostrado utilidad en la reducción del dolor y en el aumento de la calidad de vida en pacientes con dolor crónico.
A nationwide cross-sectional study of workers’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of changes in working conditions, financial hardships, psychological detachment from work and work-family interface
(Universidad Siglo 21, 2022-03-18) Trógolo, Mario Alberto; Moretti, Luciana Sofía; Medrano Leonardo Adrián Medrano
Background The COVID-19 disease has changed people’s work and income. While recent evidence has documented the adverse impact of these changes on mental health outcomes, most research is focused on frontline healthcare workers and the reported association between income loss and mental health comes from high-income countries. In this study we examine the impact of changes in working conditions and income loss related to the COVID-19 lockdown on workers’ mental health in Argentina. We also explore the role of psychological detachment from work and work-family interaction in mental health. Methods A total of 1049 participants aged between 18 and 65 who were working before the national lockdown in March 2020 were recruited using a national random telephone survey. Work conditions included: working at the usual workplace during the pandemic, working from home with flexible or fixed schedules, and being unemployed or unable to work due to the pandemic. Measures of financial hardship included income loss and self-reported financial problems related to the outbreak. Work-family interface included measures of work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Mental health outcomes included burnout, life satisfaction, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data were collected in October 2020. Results Home-based telework under fixed schedules and unemployment impact negatively on mental health. Income loss and particularly self-reported financial problems were also associated with deterioration of mental health. More than half of the participants reported financial problems, and those who became unemployed during the pandemic experienced more often financial problems. Finally, psychological detachment from work positively influenced mental health; WFC and FWC were found to negatively impact on mental health. Conclusions Countries’ policies should focus on supporting workers facing economic hardships and unemployment to ameliorate the COVID-19’ negative impact on mental health. Organisations can protect employees’ mental health by actively encouraging psychological detachment from work and by help managing work-family interface. Longitudinal studies are needed to more thoroughly assess the long-term impact of the COVID-19-related changes in work and economic turndown on mental health issues.
Pan-American migraine prevalence: Findings from the Americas’ migraine observatory study (AMIGOS)
(Universidad Siglo 21, 2026-03-06) Lisicki, Marco; Muñoz-Cerón, Joe; Machado Sarmento, Elder; Polycarpo Ribeiro, Adriana; de Assis Dantas, Ana Carolina; Lara do Prado, Leandro; de Nunes, Ana Karolina; Oliveira, Arao B; Moraes Marcelo; Ramos de Andrade, Juliana; Vélez-Jiménez, Karina; Rodriguez-Leyva, Ildefonso; Espinoza Giacomozzi, Alex Rodrigo; Bancalari, Ernesto; Juliet, Raúl; Schubaroff, Pablo; Peres, Mario F. P.
Introduction: Analyzing the epidemiology of headache disorders is fundamental for understanding their behaviour anddesigning effective public health strategies. Epidemiologic studies conducted in individual countries often lack consistentmethodologies, limiting broader interpretation. The Americas’ Migraine Observatory Study (AMIGOS) is a Pan-Americanepidemiological study designed to evaluate the burden and access to treatment of migraine and other headache disordersacross the Americas. Here, we present data on migraine prevalence and disability.Objectives: To describe and compare the prevalence and burden of migraine in the Americas at a speciﬁc time pointusing a uniﬁed sampling methodology. Additionally, to identify regional variations and potential factors contributing todifferences in prevalence, providing a foundation for targeted public health strategies.Materials and Methods: Data were collected online or via telephone from a sample representative of the demographicand social characteristics of each country, with a conﬁdence level of 98% and a margin of error of 5%. We conducted bothqualitative and quantitative research on key aspects of headaches among 16,202 individuals in 19 countries from Canadato Chile. Migraine diagnosis was made based on the ICHD-3 criteria.Results: The overall prevalence of migraine was 9.7% (13.2% among females, 6.5% among males). The highest prevalence wasobserved in Brazil (13.8%), Canada (13.2%), and the United States (12.7%), while the lowest prevalence was found in Bolivia (5.5%),Paraguay (7.1%), and Argentina (7.3%). Participants typically experienced 4 headache days per month, and chronic migraine prevalencewas estimated at 1.3%. The migraine burden, as measured by Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), was highest in the United States.

Examinar

Últimos documentos